What is a static site generator?

1. What is a Static Site Generator?

 

 

A static site generator is a tool that generates completely static HTML websites based on raw data and templates. In other words, it is a concept that goes back to the origin of website creation, where pages that were previously displayed dynamically using content management systems (CMS) are first generated as HTML and then displayed as HTML. It has gained attention as one of the development methods called Jamstack.

 

For example, let's say there is a section called "Announcements". In the CMS, when a new article is posted to the list of announcements from the management screen, the CMS will list it from the database and dynamically generate the page when there is access to the announcement page in the future. While there is the advantage of always having the latest information, it has been observed that the display speed may slow down due to the bloating of CMS functionality in recent years.

 

When using a static site generator, a corresponding HTML file will be generated when a new announcement is added. Although there may be a time difference until the generation is complete, once it is done, the page will be displayed quickly.

 

Static site generators, which automate web page generation and template implementation, are gaining attention as an alternative or complement to content management systems (CMS). They are part of a web development approach called Jamstack.

2. Background of the growing popularity of static site generators

The reason why static site generators are gaining attention is due to the limitations that have been seen from years of operating websites with CMS. First, CMS is executed on the server and can cause slow loading times for the website as it dynamically generates web pages. Additionally, since CMS needs to access a database to generate web pages, an increase in database size can negatively impact the performance of the website.

 

In addition, CMS may have a complex interface, making it difficult for users who are not familiar with CMS to update content. This means that there are too many things that can be done on the administration screen, making it difficult to understand how to use it. It's just like a TV remote control that is too advanced and difficult to understand.

 

In addition, CMS may have security vulnerabilities, and if appropriate security measures are not taken, there is a possibility of data leakage or site downtime due to attacks by attackers. Even small pages such as notifications are connected to the database on the back end, and because they manage customer order lists and login information in the same database, they are vulnerable to attacks by malicious hackers.

 

To address this issue, static site generators have gained attention. Static site generators generate static HTML pages, eliminating the need to dynamically generate web pages, resulting in significantly reduced loading times. Additionally, unlike CMS, static site generators do not require access to a database, which can impact performance.

 

In addition, websites created using static site generators may be easier to use than CMS. This is because they use simple text files such as Markdown, or adopt a headless CMS with limited features in the management screen, making it easy to update content.

 

Static site generators also have the advantage of being less vulnerable to security vulnerabilities. Since static site generators generate web pages statically, there is a possibility that the site's security vulnerabilities will decrease. Since there is no connection to a database on the back end, even if it is hacked, there is no confidential information that can be taken.

 

3. Improving Core Web Vitals

The main reason why static site generators are currently gaining attention is because they contribute to improving Core Web Vitals. Core Web Vitals are metrics introduced by Google to evaluate the quality of a website. This includes factors such as loading time, interactivity, and visual stability. By using a static site generator, website performance can be optimized and Core Web Vitals can be improved. Static sites load quickly, resulting in shorter loading times and reduced waiting time for users.

 

Google has announced that it considers Core Web Vitals to be an important indicator from an SEO perspective, and that site loading speed is particularly important for improving these scores. Creating a site that loads quickly using a static site generator is essential for SEO measures.

4. Disadvantages of Static Site Generators

There are of course disadvantages to introducing a static site generator. For example, it may take time to generate pages. It may not be a problem for a few pages, but imagine having to regenerate all property information on a real estate website every time there is a change. It could take hours to complete.

 

Another point is that there are few pre-made templates available, so developers need to create their own templates. When using a CMS like WordPress, existing themes can often be used for free. However, this is not the case with static site generators. While this can provide a high level of customization, it may feel like a hassle if you don't have a strong preference.

 

Some of the same points can also be mentioned as a lack of user-friendly interface. Without a management screen like a CMS, it is difficult for users without development experience to publish content using a static site generator. This issue can be partially resolved by connecting to a headless CMS. In addition, for updates other than the content of the website, there is often a need for developer support.

5. Use Cases for Static Site Generators

Static site generators are particularly suitable for specific use cases such as small websites, blogs, portfolios, and documentation sites. They are not suitable for sites that require frequent updates and real-time functionality. Some examples of use cases are as follows.

 

5.1 Blog Site

Static site generators are perfect for building blog sites. Blog posts are usually created in simple file formats such as text and images. These files are converted into HTML pages using a static site generator. When editing the title or content of a blog post, the HTML page is automatically updated. This eliminates the need to manually copy and paste blog posts into HTML pages, saving time.

 

5.2 Event Site

Static site generators are also suitable for building event sites. Event sites often contain information such as event details, schedules, sessions, and speakers. This information can be converted into HTML pages using a static site generator. This allows for smooth navigation of the event site and provides useful information for participants.

 

5.3 Portfolio Site

Static site generators are perfect for building portfolio sites. Portfolio sites often contain a lot of visual content such as photos, illustrations, and graphic designs.

6. Selecting a Static Site Generator

Static site generators are constantly evolving, with new features and improvements being added every year. To choose the most suitable static site generator, it is necessary to compare it with the requirements of your project.

 

The main point is the compatibility between static site generators and the framework used to develop the site. What programming language is used and what framework is used?

 

For example, if you are using React.js as your JavaScript framework, Next.js would be the top candidate. This is because Next.js is positioned as an extension framework for React.js. Gatsby is also a strong candidate. It is a framework based on React.js. In recent years, it has been overshadowed by newer frameworks, resulting in a decrease in popularity and developer satisfaction. However, there was a big announcement recently that Netlify will be acquiring it. As the first proponent of the Jamstack concept and the de facto standard for deployment environments, Netlify's full support gives us high expectations for the future.

 

If you are building with Vue, Nuxt 3 will be a strong choice. In this way, you will be able to choose the best option based on each feature and compatibility.

 

Here is a detailed list of static site generators available on this website.
https://jamstack.org/generators/

Summary

Static site generators play an important role in web development, especially in Jamstack. It is recommended to use a static site generator to improve the speed and performance of static web pages. Depending on the use case, using a static site generator can also increase development efficiency. However, there are also disadvantages. Static site generators require development experience and may have a difficult interface. However, by addressing these challenges, you can ultimately build fast and robust websites and applications. It is important to choose the right static site generator and we recommend comparing them based on your project requirements.